翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Defensive realism ・ Defensive Runs Saved ・ Defensive Sector of the Rhône ・ Defensive spectrum ・ Defensive substitution ・ Defensive termination ・ Defensive three-second violation ・ Defensive towers of Cantabria ・ Defensive vomiting ・ Defensive wall ・ Defense Health Program Budget Activity Group ・ Defense Homes Corporation ・ Defense Human Resources Activity ・ Defense in depth (computing) ・ Defense in depth (nuclear engineering) ・ Defense in insects ・ Defense independent pitching statistics ・ Defense industrial base ・ Defense Industries Organization ・ Defense Industry Complex, Isfahan ・ Defense industry of Algeria ・ Defense industry of Bulgaria ・ Defense industry of Iran ・ Defense industry of Israel ・ Defense industry of Japan ・ Defense industry of North Korea ・ Defense industry of Pakistan ・ Defense industry of Russia ・ Defense industry of Turkey ・ Defense Industry Sector (Ethiopia) Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Defense in insects ： ウィキペディア英語版 Defense in insects Insects have a wide variety of predators, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, carnivorous plants, and other arthropods. The great majority (80–99.99%) of individuals born do not survive to reproductive age, with perhaps 50% of this mortality rate attributed to predation. In order to deal with this ongoing escapist battle, insects have evolved a wide range of defense mechanisms. The only restraint on these adaptations is that their cost, in terms of time and energy, does not exceed the benefit that they provide to the organism in question. The further that a feature tips the balance towards beneficial, the more likely that selection will act upon the trait, passing it down to further generations. The opposite also holds true; defenses that are too costly will have a slim to zero chance of being passed down. Examples of defenses that have withstood the test of time include hiding, escape by flight or running, and firmly holding ground to fight as well as producing chemicals and social structures that help prevent predation. One of the best known modern examples of the role that evolution has played in insect defenses is the link between melanism and the peppered moth (''Biston betularia''). Peppered moth evolution over the past two centuries in England has taken place, with darker morphs becoming more prevalent over lighter morphs so as to reduce the risk of predation. However, its underlying mechanism is still debated. ==Hiding== Walking sticks (order Phasmatodea), many katydid species (family Tettigoniidae), and moths (order Lepidoptera) are just a few of the plethora of insects that have evolved specialized cryptic morphology. This adaptation allows them to effectively hide within their environment because of a resemblance to the general background or an inedible object.〔 When an insect looks like an inedible or inconsequential object in the environment that is of no interest to a predator, such as leaves and twigs, it is said to display mimesis, a form of crypsis. Insects may also take on different types of camouflage, another type of cypsis. These include resembling a uniformly colored background as well as being light below and dark above, or countershaded. Additionally, camouflage is effective when it results in patterns or unique morphologies that disrupt outlines so as to better merge the individual into the background.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Defense in insects」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.